Evolution Korea
South Korea's democracy is susceptible to populist inclinations. It's still better than was expected.
The country is seeking an entirely new model of development. A Confucian culture that values respect for ancestors as well as gendered family relations continues to influence society. However, there are signs that a secularist culture is beginning to emerge.
Origins
In prehistoric times the ancestors of the today's Koreans were able to survive by hunting and gathering wild food. Around 10,000 years ago they began to cultivate millet, beans, and other crops. They also raised livestock and also made furs. These people formed tribal states in succession in Manchuria and on the Korean peninsula. They also developed an industry of metalworking, making bronze tools, and later iron ones. They traded with other states and introduced Celadon, paper making, block printing art styles, and a written language to Japan.
In 2333 BCE Gojoseon was founded in the southern region of the peninsula. This state embraced Chinese culture that included Confucian Philosophy and Buddhism. In this period the inhabitants of Buyeo were incorporated into Gojoseon. Gojoseon was a hierarchical society in which a monarch and high-ranking officials were drawn from the landed aristocracy whereas the rest of the population were peasants. The state collected taxes from these citizens and often required them to serve in the army or work on projects for the government like building fortifications.
At the close of the period, the state of Baekje was founded by Onjo who was a prince of Goguryeo and was the son of Jumong who was the founder of Goguryeo. The new kingdom expanded to the southwest part of the peninsula, and fought with China's commandos and Goguryeo's in the region. Baekje accepted Confucian ideas into its state beliefs system in 1390 CE, and introduced the male-centric concept of filiopiety into a doctrine. In the name of filiopiety, fathers were responsible to their families. They must be obeyed by all and respected by their children and grandchildren.
Goryeo, a nation that ruled from 918 until 1392 CE in the year 1392 CE, introduced to the world the Hangul Alphabet, based on the shapes created by the mouth when it pronounces. This greatly improved the communication between people and resulted in an explosion of the writing of Buddhist texts. Woodblock printing and the movable metal type were also refined. It was during this period that the Samguk sagi, or 'History Of the Three Kingdoms' was first recorded in 1145 CE.
Evolution in Korea
The Korean peninsula has been continuously inhabited since Neolithic times. Early evidence of human settlements is visible in the form of graves lined with stone, with precious objects like amazonite jewellery being buried alongside the dead. Megalithic structures, referred to as dolmens and built of large stones in a single piece, are widespread throughout the country.
In the first half of the 1st millennium BCE, Gojoseon established itself as the first recognisable political state. After that the peninsula was ruled by several states in the Three Kingdoms period (57 BC- 635 CE) including Baekje Goguryeo, Baekje, and Silla. The northern portion of the peninsula was occupied for a time by the Balhae Kingdom, which historians do not believe to be a real Korean state.
After the Three Kingdoms arose the Proto-Three Kingdoms Period, or Several States Period. Of them, Baekje was the most powerful, but its dynasty ended by the fall of Goguryeo in 676 CE and left it with its southern territories of Manchuria and the western region surrounding the Hwanghae Bay, while eastern Buyeo and the Gaya confederacy thrived for some time.
The Unified Silla kingdom then emerged, and the three kingdoms began to collaborate to expand their territorial holdings. In the final, Silla, with significant Chinese aid, conquered all other states and united the peninsula in 935 CE.
As Korea is entering the post-crisis phase the development paradigm of the country appears to be in flux. Those who are appalled by the enormous cost of the old system advocate a thorough program of liberalization in capital as well as labor markets. On the other hand the people who support the old system attempt to protect it by promoting nationalist sentiments, as well as by inflating fears about potential job loss.
Academics and analysts are divided about the extent to which Korea's development is influenced by these two trends. This article examines the latest developments by analyzing five phases of Korea's political evolution that include the illiberal democratic period (1945-60), democratic authoritarianism (1961-72), authoritarian exceptionalism (1972-87) democratic paternalism (1987-2001) and democratic participation (2002 to present). This article also identifies the key factors that appear to be the driving force behind these developments.
Creationism in Korea
In South Korea, 26 percent of the population is Christian. Creationists have succeeded in promoting their views to this population. A 2009 survey showed that nearly a third of respondents didn't believe in evolution. Of those who voted, 41% stated there was not enough scientific evidence to support the theory 39% believed it was contrary to their religious beliefs, and 17 percent said they didn't comprehend it. This level of doubt is similar to the United States where a similar percentage of people do not believe that humans evolved from lesser advanced types of life.
In the past of the anti-evolution movements in Korea was focused on educating college students and bringing them to Christ. In 1980 the year 1980, a four-day creation science seminar was held in Seoul during the World Evangelization Crusade. Drs. Henry Morris and Duane Gish of ICR as the featured speakers. The event was attended by a large number of church leaders and scientists.
The event's success led to the creation of the Korea Association of Creation Research on January 31st in 1980. The event was widely covered in the national press, including The Korea Times, Chosun Ilbo and The Korea Times.
KACR began publishing a monthly newsletter, CREATION, where it published its activities and published articles about the scientific evidence supporting creationism. It also translated a number of film strips and slides from ICR as well as a few books on creationism that were already published outside of Korea. KACR members also gave talks in churches and universities throughout the country.
A KACR success was witnessed at the KAIST University in Seoul. There, there were enough students fascinated by the concept of creationism that they raised the money and support needed to build a small museum on campus with creationist fossil models and other exhibits.
In addition to its work, KACR has published a bimonthly publication called CREATION. This magazine covers topics in the field of creation science. It also hosted a series of lectures by ICR staff. It has also established an organization of local branch offices that offer talks and seminars to children and community groups.
The evolution of South Korea
In the latter half of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century, Korea moved toward a Westernised lifestyle. The traditional hanbok, or Korean dress, gave way to miniskirts, as well as other fashion elements from overseas. The traditional Korean music was also replaced by rock and roll and jazz. In this time, the famous samulnori or the masked dance-dramas were very popular. These dramatic pieces were performed with the accompaniment of shaman drums and different musical instruments.
Korea's new development model is being developed in the aftermath of the economic crisis. 에볼루션 코리아 for the new regime is to find the right balance between market-oriented and state-led policies. It also requires changing incentives, monitoring or discipline schemes that have been a part of the system prior the crisis. These issues are examined in Chapters 3 and 4.
see this site was founded by Onjo, prince and third son of Jumong of Goguryeo, was founded by people from the Hangang River area, Buyeo and other areas, as well as migrants from northern China. In the 4th century, in the early part of, Baekje was a major regional power, and expanded its territory as far as Mahan in the north and Jeollanam-do in the south. It was therefore in constant conflict with Goguryeo and the Chinese commanders on the border.
The decline of Silla between the 8th and 9th centuries resulted in the rise of powerful local factions. Gungye was a noble from Later Baekje, established a kingdom with Songak as its capital. He also held control over a portion of the present-day Jeolla and Chungcheong provinces. Then, he moved the capital to Wansanju. He became an adversary to Goguryeo.
However, his rule was short-lived. After Gungye was defeated by a powerful local leader Wang Geon, who united Goryeo with Baekje and Silla in 935. Later Baekje was peacefully incorporated into Goryeo as a successor state. Wang Geon also introduced fundamental reforms and strengthened the central government system. This marked the end to the Three Kingdoms Period. The Korean peninsula was later controlled by the Goryeo Dynasty. During the Three Kingdoms Period, Goguryeo Baekje Silla slowly grew into powerful states on the peninsula, and in Manchuria.